\(\renewcommand{\AA}{\text{Å}}\)

compute temp/sphere command

Syntax

compute ID group-ID temp/sphere keyword value ...

  • ID, group-ID are documented in compute command

  • temp/sphere = style name of this compute command

  • zero or more keyword/value pairs may be appended

  • keyword = bias or dof

    bias value = bias-ID
  bias-ID = ID of a temperature compute that removes a velocity bias
dof value = all or rotate
  all = compute temperature of translational and rotational degrees of freedom
  rotate = compute temperature of just rotational degrees of freedom

Examples

compute 1 all temp/sphere
compute myTemp mobile temp/sphere bias tempCOM
compute myTemp mobile temp/sphere dof rotate

Description

Define a computation that calculates the temperature of a group of spherical particles, including a contribution from both their translational and rotational kinetic energy. This differs from the usual compute temp command, which assumes point particles with only translational kinetic energy.

Both point and finite-size particles can be included in the group. Point particles do not rotate, so they have only three translational degrees of freedom. For 3d spherical particles, each has six degrees of freedom (three translational, three rotational). For 2d spherical particles, each has three degrees of freedom (two translational, one rotational).

Note

This choice for degrees of freedom (DOF) assumes that all finite-size spherical particles in your model will freely rotate, sampling all their rotational DOF. It is possible to use a combination of interaction potentials and fixes that induce no torque or otherwise constrain some of all of your particles so that this is not the case. Then there are less DOF and you should use the compute_modify extra/dof command to adjust the DOF accordingly.

The translational kinetic energy is computed the same as is described by the compute temp command. The rotational kinetic energy is computed as \(\frac12 I \omega^2\), where \(I\) is the moment of inertia for a sphere and \(\omega\) is the particle’s angular velocity.

Note

For 2d models, particles are treated as spheres, not disks, meaning their moment of inertia will be the same as in 3d.

A kinetic energy tensor, stored as a six-element vector, is also calculated by this compute. The formula for the components of the tensor is the same as the above formulas, except that \(v^2\) and \(\omega^2\) are replaced by \(v_x v_y\) and \(\omega_x \omega_y\) for the \(xy\) component. The six components of the vector are ordered \(xx\), \(yy\), \(zz\), \(xy\), \(xz\), \(yz\).

A symmetric tensor, stored as a six-element vector, is also calculated by this compute for use in the computation of a pressure tensor by the compute pressue command. The formula for the components of the tensor is the same as the above expression for \(E_\mathrm{kin}\), except that the 1/2 factor is NOT included and the \(v_i^2\) and \(\omega^2\) are replaced by \(v_x v_y\) and \(\omega_x \omega_y\) for the \(xy\) component, and so on. Note that because it lacks the 1/2 factor, these tensor components are twice those of the traditional kinetic energy tensor. The six components of the vector are ordered \(xx\), \(yy\), \(zz\), \(xy\), \(xz\), \(yz\).

The number of atoms contributing to the temperature is assumed to be constant for the duration of the run; use the dynamic option of the compute_modify command if this is not the case.

This compute subtracts out translational degrees-of-freedom due to fixes that constrain molecular motion, such as fix shake and fix rigid. This means the temperature of groups of atoms that include these constraints will be computed correctly. If needed, the subtracted degrees of freedom can be altered using the extra/dof option of the compute_modify command.

See the Howto thermostat page for a discussion of different ways to compute temperature and perform thermostatting.

The keyword/value option pairs are used in the following ways.

For the bias keyword, bias-ID refers to the ID of a temperature compute that removes a “bias” velocity from each atom. This allows compute temp/sphere to compute its thermal temperature after the translational kinetic energy components have been altered in a prescribed way (e.g., to remove a flow velocity profile). Thermostats that use this compute will work with this bias term. See the doc pages for individual computes that calculate a temperature and the doc pages for fixes that perform thermostatting for more details.

For the dof keyword, a setting of all calculates a temperature that includes both translational and rotational degrees of freedom. A setting of rotate calculates a temperature that includes only rotational degrees of freedom.

Output info

This compute calculates a global scalar (the temperature) and a global vector of length 6 (symmetric tensor), which can be accessed by indices 1–6. These values can be used by any command that uses global scalar or vector values from a compute as input. See the Howto output page for an overview of LAMMPS output options.

The scalar value calculated by this compute is “intensive”. The vector values are “extensive”.

The scalar value is in temperature units. The vector values are in energy units.

Restrictions

This fix requires that atoms store torque and angular velocity (omega) and a radius as defined by the atom_style sphere command.

All particles in the group must be finite-size spheres, or point particles with radius = 0.0.

Default

The option defaults are no bias and dof = all.